The interrelationship between neuronal endosomal-lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunctions and secretion of extracellular vesicles

Abstract

Endosomal-lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunctions are hallmarks of aging, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome, causing the build-up of both endosomes and mitochondria. The Levy’s lab has been studying the neuroprotection and pathogenic roles of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in brains with these abnormalities. The data show that under basal conditions secretion of late endosome-derived exosomes and mitochondria-derived mitovesicles is beneficial, acting as a scavenger system for the disposal of neurotoxic material. In aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, increased exosome and mitovesicle release is an endogenous mechanism to mitigate endosomal abnormalities and to maintain mitochondrial function. <br>